Análisis de la evolución del conocimiento preventivo y su práctica entre la población de Colombia hacia la enfermedad por Coronavirus (Covid-19)

La presente investigación muestra la evolución que ha presentado el conocimiento y práctica de las recomendaciones dadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud para la prevención de la Covid-19 en comparación al estudio realizado por Rivera-Diaz et al. Se encuetaron 478 personas, los resultados mostraron que un alto porcentaje conoce y pone en práctica las recomendaciones de la OMS indistintamente del sexo del individuo. Además, el estudio evidencia la problemática relacionada con el consumo de sustancias o medicamentos para la prevención de la Covid-19, que pueden poner en serios riesgos la salud de quien los consume; de otro lado, el uso de plantas medicinales también demuestra ser una práctica muy común en la población.

SUMMARY This research shows the evolution that has been presented by the knowledge and practice by part of the people of the recommendations given by the World Health Organization for the prevention of Covid-19 compared to the study carried out by Rivera-Diaz et al. 478 people were surveyed, the results showed that a high percentage knows and puts into practice the WHO recommendations regardless of the sex of the individual. In addition, the study shows the problems related to the consumption of substances and / or medications for the prevention of Covid-19, which can put the health of those who consume them at serious risk; on the other hand, the use of medicinal plants also proves to be a very common practice in the population.

A presente investigação mostra a evolução que tem apresentado o conhecimento e prática das recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúden para a prevenção do Covid-19 em comparação com o estudo realizado por Rivera-Diaz et ai. 478 pessoas foram entrevistadas, os resultados mostraram que uma alta porcentagem conhece e coloca em prática as recomendações da OMS, independentemente da sexo do indivíduo. Além disso, o estudo destaca o problema relacionado à consumo de substâncias ou medicamentos para a prevenção da Covid-19, que podem colocar em sério risco a saúde de quem os consome; Por outro lado, o uso de As plantas medicinais também se revelam uma prática muito comum na população.

Effect of acute physical exercise on inhibitory control in young adults: High-intensity indoor cycling session.

There is growing evidence that physical exercise (PE) may boost cognitive performance. However, criteria regarding PE intensity, duration, and frequency are still being studied. We hypothesize that high PE intensities have effects on inhibitory control. For this reason, our aim was to study the effect of acute PE on IC in healthy young students of a bachelor's degree in physical education and exercise via a 20-minute indoor cycling session at 80-90% HRmax intensity. We devised an experimental group design (n = 9) relative to a control group (n = 10) with pre-and-post-test IC measures. A Stroop task (two conditions) was administered to undergraduate students (Mage = 23.3, SD = 1.6) of a bachelor's degree program in Physical Education and Sports Sciences from a public university in Colombia. The computed MANOVA did not show an interaction effect between the experimental task of Stroop A-B x measure x group. However, a main effect of reduced response time was obtained after PE in the experimental group. Other main effects were observed in the number of correct and incorrect trials in the Stroop-B condition. The experimental group showed fewer correct answers after PE, and the control group showed fewer errors. It is concluded that high-intensity PE confers favorable effects on inhibitory control.

Cross-cultural validity of the five items Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5) in Peru and Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Spanish version of the 5-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5) is a brief measure of the general tendency to be attentive and aware of experiences in the present moment during daily life. The MAAS-5 has been used in different countries; however, an assessment of its cross-cultural measurement invariance (MI) has not been conducted. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the MAAS-5 in university students from two countries: Peru and Mexico. A total of 1144 university students from Peru (N = 822) and Mexico (N = 322) responded online to the Spanish version of the 5-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5). A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Measurement invariance tests the hypothesis that the model behind a set of scores is comparable between groups. The results showed that the unidimensional structure of the MAAS-5 is the same between Peruvian and Mexican university students. Therefore, it is suggested that university students from both countries conceptualize the mindfulness in a similar way. As a result, the MAAS-5 can be used to compare differences between countries. No significant differences were observed in the MAAS-5 score between Peruvian and Mexican university students. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the psychometric properties of the MAAS-5 by presenting MI results in two Latin American countries. Implications of the findings are discussed, which will facilitate a more solid and reliable use of the MAAS-5 in future cross-cultural studies.

Cross-cultural validity of the five items Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5) in Peru and Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic

The Spanish version of the 5-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5) is a brief measure of the general tendency to be attentive and aware of experiences in the present moment during daily life. The MAAS-5 has been used in different countries; however, an assessment of its cross-cultural measurement invariance (MI) has not been conducted. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the MAAS-5 in university students from two countries: Peru and Mexico. A total of 1144 university students from Peru (N = 822) and Mexico (N = 322) responded online to the Spanish version of the 5-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5). A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Measurement invariance tests the hypothesis that the model behind a set of scores is comparable between groups. The results showed that the unidimensional structure of the MAAS-5 is the same between Peruvian and Mexican university students. Therefore, it is suggested that university students from both countries conceptualize the mindfulness in a similar way. As a result, the MAAS-5 can be used to compare differences between countries. No significant differences were observed in the MAAS-5 score between Peruvian and Mexican university students. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the psychometric properties of the MAAS-5 by presenting MI results in two Latin American countries. Implications of the findings are discussed, which will facilitate a more solid and reliable use of the MAAS-5 in future cross-cultural studies. (AU)

Actividad física y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en una comunidad académica / Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in an academic community / Atividade física e qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde numa comunidade académica

Resumen Objetivo. Explorar las diferencias entre los niveles de actividad física (AF) ‒ligero, moderado y vigoroso‒, en función a la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CvRS). Método. 269 participantes (M = 25.3, DE = 1.5) entre estudiantes, docentes y administrativos de una comunidad académica de Pereira, Colombia. La AF se evaluó con el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y la CvRS con el Cuestionario de Salud SF-36. Resultados. Quienes reportaron tener un nivel de AF moderado mostraron significativamente mejor vitalidad, salud mental y salud en general (p < 0.05). Mientras que aquellos con nivel de AF vigoroso promediaron más alto en salud general. Los niveles de AF moderado y vigoroso, en comparación con el ligero, presentaron mayor puntaje en la salud general y mental (p < 0.05). Conclusión. Este estudio aportó evidencia a favor de la hipótesis del vínculo entre AF y CvRS; además, reveló que aquellos con niveles de AF moderado y vigoroso presentan mejor CvRS en dimensiones de función social, vitalidad y salud general y mental. Futuros estudios deberían enfocarse en diferenciar los niveles de AF que mejor favorecen la CvRS, principalmente, en población escolar .

Abstract Objective. To explore the Physical Activity (PA) levels ‒Low, Medium and High‒ differences according to Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL). Method. 269 participants (M = 25.3, SD = 1.5) between, students, teachers and administrators of an academic community of Pereira, Colombia. The PA was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the HRQL through the SF-36. Results. Those who reported having a moderate PA level showed significantly best vitality, mental health outcomes, and overall health (p < 0.05). While those with vigorous PA level averaged higher in overall health. The moderate and vigorous PA levels, compared to the low level, showed a higher score in general health and mental health (p < 0.05). Conclusion. This study provides evidence in favor of the link between PA and HRQL hypothesis; in addition, those subjects who self-report moderate and vigorous PA levels showed better HRQL in the social function, vitality, general health, and mental health dimensions. Future studies should emphasize the different PA levels that will favor the HRQL, principally, in school population.

Resumo Escopo. Explorar as diferenças entre os níveis de atividade física (AF) leve, moderado e vigoroso, em função à Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde (CvRS). Metodologia. 269 participantes (M = 25.3, DE = 1.5) entre estudantes, docentes e administrativos de uma comunidade académica de Pereira, Colômbia. A AF foi avaliada com o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) e a CvRS com o Questionário de Saúde SF-36. Resultados. Quem reportou ter um nível de AF moderado mostrou significativamente melhor vitalidade, saúde mental e saúde em geral (p < 0.05). Enquanto que aqueles com nível de AF vigoroso tem de média maior saúde geral. Os níveis de AF moderado e vigoroso, em comparação com o leve apresentaram maior pontuação na saúde geral e mental (p < 0.05). Conclusão. Este estudo aportou provas a favor da hipóteses do vínculo entre AF e CvRS; além, revelou que aqueles com níveis de AF moderado e vigoroso apresentam melhor CvRS em dimensões de função social, vitalidade e saúde geral e mental. Futuros estudos deverão se enfocar em diferenciar os níveis de AF que melhor favorecem a CvRS, principalmente, em população escolar.

Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on Executive Functions and Emotional Recognition: Analysis of Moderate to High Intensity in Young Adults.

Physical exercise (PE) is associated with cognitive changes and brain function. However, it is required to clarify the effect of PE in different intensities, population groups conditions and the EF duration over different cognitive domains. Besides, no studies are known to have evaluated the contextual emotional recognition. Therefore, we studied the effect of acute PE of moderate intensities up to higher ones to the executive functions and the contextual emotional recognition. The participants were evaluated and classified in two experiments according to the IPAQ short form self-report and control measures. In both experiments, the groups were randomized, controlled, and exposed to one session of indoor cycling through intervals of high measure intensity (75-85% HRmax). Experiment 1 comprised young adults who were physically active (PA) and healthy, apparently (n = 54, M age = 20.7, SD = 2.5). Experiment 2 involved young adults who were physically inactive (IP) and healthy, apparently (n = 36, M age = 21.6, SD = 1.8). The duration was the only factor that varied: 45 min for PA and 30 min for PI. The executive functions were evaluated by the Stroop, TMT A/B, and verbal fluency, and the emotional recognition through a task that includes body and facial emotions in context, simultaneously. The analysis of factorial mixed ANOVA showed effects on the right choices of the indoor cycling groups in the PA, and the time response in PI. Also, other effects were observed in the controlled groups. TMT-A/B measures showed changes in the pre-test-post-test measures for both experiments. Verbal fluency performance favored the control group in both experiments. Meanwhile, the emotional recognition showed an effect of the PE in error-reduction and enhanced the scores in the right choices of body emotions. These results suggest that the EF with intensities favored cognitive processes such as inhibitory control and emotional recognition in context. We took into account the importance of high-complexity tasks design that avoid a ceiling effect. This study is the first on reporting a positive effect of PE over the emotional contextual recognition. Important clinical and educational implications are presented implications which highlight the modulatory role of EF with moderate to high intensities.